HEALTH
Vitamin K2 MK7 VS MK4: What Are Differences In Heart Health?

Introduction
Vitamin K2, existing primarily as MK7 (menaquinone-7) and MK4 (menaquinone-4), plays crucial roles in cardiovascular health. Both forms contribute to heart health by preventing arterial calcification and supporting cardiovascular function.
Understanding the difference between these two beneficial compounds, Vitamin K2 MK7 VS MK4, can aid in choosing the most effective supplement for heart health.
Understanding Heart Health
Heart health encompasses the well-being of the heart and the entire cardiovascular system, involving optimal blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and arterial function. Diet, exercise, genetics, and lifestyle choices significantly impact heart health. Poor heart health can lead to conditions like atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attacks, and strokes. Nutrition, including essential vitamins like K2, supports cardiovascular function and prevents heart disease.
Vitamin K Types You Should Know
Vitamin K exists in two primary forms: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and Vitamin K2 (menaquinone).
Vitamin K1 is found in green leafy vegetables and is essential for blood clotting.
Vitamin K2, further divided into subtypes like MK-4 and MK-7, is found in animal products and fermented foods, playing a significant role in bone and heart health.
Vitamin K2 MK7: The Most Bioavailable Form of K2 Vitamin
Vitamin K2 MK7 (CAS number: 2124-57-4) has the molecular formula C46H64O2 and a molecular weight of 649.00 g/mol. It is fat-soluble and typically appears as a yellowish oil or powder. MK7 is primarily found in fermented foods such as natto, a Japanese soybean dish, and certain cheeses. It boasts high purity levels, often exceeding 98%.
Health Benefits of Vitamin K2 MK7
VK2 MK7 is primarily used to support bone health, promote cardiovascular health, and reduce arterial calcification. The health benefits of MK7 include reducing arterial calcification and improving vascular health. MK7 activates proteins like osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein (MGP), which help direct calcium to bones and prevent its deposition in arteries.
This dual action supports both bone and heart health. The typical dosage ranges from 45 to 200 micrograms per day. Side effects are rare but can include gastrointestinal discomfort.
How To Produce It?
MK7 is produced through fermentation using specific bacterial strains. The process involves culturing the bacteria, isolating the vitamin, and purifying it to achieve high potency.
How Does It Work?
The mechanism of action for MK7 involves activating proteins such as osteocalcin and MGP, which play crucial roles in directing calcium to the bones and preventing its deposition in the arteries. This mechanism supports bone and cardiovascular health by ensuring calcium is utilized correctly.
What Is Vitamin K2 MK4?
Vitamin K2 MK4 (CAS number: 863-61-6) has the molecular formula C31H40O2 and a molecular weight of 444.65 g/mol. Like MK7, it is fat-soluble and usually appears as a yellow oil or powder. MK4 is found in animal products such as meat, eggs, and dairy. It also has high purity levels, often exceeding 98%.
Health Benefits of Vitamin K2 MK4
MK4 primarily supports bone health, promotes cardiovascular health, and enhances brain function. The health benefits of MK4 include reducing arterial calcification and enhancing cardiac function. MK4 functions similarly to MK7 by activating proteins that regulate calcium utilization, thus supporting bone and heart health.
The typical dosage ranges from 1 to 45 milligrams per day. Although minimal, side effects may still include gastrointestinal issues.
How Does Vitamin K2 MK-4 Manufacture?
MK4 is usually synthesized chemically, which involves several steps to ensure purity and potency. This process is well-controlled to produce high-quality supplements.
How Does It Work?
The mechanism of action for MK4 involves activating proteins that regulate calcium utilization, similar to K2 Vitamin MK7. This ensures calcium is directed to the bones and prevents deposition in the arteries, supporting bone and cardiovascular health.
Comprehensive Comparison: Vitamin K2 MK7 VS MK4
Vitamin K2 MK-7 and MK-4, while beneficial for heart health, have distinct differences in their bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and overall effects. MK-7, with a longer half-life of up to 72 hours, provides sustained activation of matrix Gla-protein (MGP) and osteocalcin, which are crucial for preventing arterial calcification and promoting calcium deposition in bones.
This extended presence in the body allows for continuous regulation of calcium, making it particularly effective for long-term cardiovascular health.
In contrast, MK-4 has a shorter half-life of about 1 to 2 hours, leading to rapid absorption and utilization. This makes MK-4 more suitable for immediate calcium management needs, offering quick cardiovascular benefits but requiring more frequent dosing to maintain its effects.
The bioavailability of MK-7 is generally higher due to its prolonged activity, ensuring more consistent levels in the bloodstream. MK-4, though rapidly absorbed, may not sustain adequate levels without regular supplementation. Mechanistically, both forms activate MGP and osteocalcin, but MK-7’s longer half-life allows for prolonged activation and continuous prevention of arterial calcification.
Thus, while both forms support heart health, MK-7 is more effective for sustained cardiovascular protection, whereas MK-4 provides quicker, albeit shorter-lasting, benefits.

Vitamin K2 MK7 And MK4 Together: Yes or No?
Both Vitamin K2 MK7 and MK4 can be combined, offering complementary benefits. MK7’s prolonged action and MK4’s potent, shorter-term effects can provide a comprehensive approach to managing heart health. This synergistic effect ensures continuous support for cardiovascular function and arterial health.
What Are Vitamin K2 MK7 And MK4 Used For?
Vitamin K2 MK7 and MK4 have diverse application fields, predominantly supporting bone and cardiovascular health.
Vitamin K2 MK7, with its longer half-life, is especially beneficial for sustained cardiovascular support and preventing arterial calcification, making it a preferred choice in heart health supplements.
Vitamin K2 MK-4, on the other hand, offers quicker benefits and is noted for its positive effects on cognitive function, providing neuroprotective benefits that make it valuable in brain health supplements.
Safe Or Not?
Both K2 vitamin forms are considered safe within recommended dosages, with minimal side effects reported. They undergo stringent quality assurance processes, including third-party testing, to ensure purity and potency.
Conclusion
Vitamin K2 MK7 And MK4: How About Their Market Trend?
The growing awareness of their health benefits has significantly boosted market prospects, with increasing demand for both MK7 and MK4 supplements. The manufacturing processes – bacterial fermentation for MK7 and chemical synthesis for MK4 – ensure a steady supply of high-quality products, positioning them firmly in the global nutraceutical market.
Vitamin K2 MK7 and MK4 offer significant benefits for heart health by preventing arterial calcification and supporting overall cardiovascular function. While MK7 provides prolonged benefits due to its longer half-life, MK4 offers immediate effects at higher doses. Both forms can be used together for a comprehensive approach to heart health.
Introducing Nutri Avenue
Nutri Avenue is an FDA-registered supplier capable of providing large quantities of ingredients, with five United States-based warehouses and multiple shipping options available. Third parties test all nutritional ingredients for quality assurance. Nutri Avenue offers OEM and ODM services, ensuring high-quality and customized solutions for your supplement needs.
HEALTH
Complete Information About NS Horse Screen

Introduction to NS Horse Screen
Keeping horses healthy is a top priority for horse owners and caretakers. However, despite their best efforts, equine health issues can arise unexpectedly. This is where NS Horse Screen comes into play. NS Horse Screen is a cutting-edge diagnostic tool tailored specifically for horses, enabling early detection of various health issues. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the ins and outs of NS Horse Screen, its importance, functionality, benefits, and much more.
Importance of Screening for Equine Health
Regular health screening is vital for maintaining the well-being and performance of horses. Unlike humans, horses can’t communicate their discomfort or ailments verbally, making it challenging for caretakers to identify health issues promptly. Early detection through screening allows for timely intervention, preventing minor problems from escalating into more serious conditions. Moreover, preventive care is often more cost-effective and less invasive than treating advanced ailments.
What is NS Horse Screen?
NS Horse Screen is a state-of-the-art diagnostic tool specifically designed for equine health screening. It employs advanced technology to detect a wide range of health issues in horses, ranging from metabolic disorders to infectious diseases. Developed by a team of veterinary experts, N,S Horse Screen offers unparalleled accuracy and efficiency in diagnosing equine health problems.
How Does NS Horse Screen Work?
N,S Horse Screen works by analyzing various biological markers present in a horse’s blood sample. These markers provide valuable insights into the horse’s overall health status, including any underlying conditions or abnormalities. The screening process is non-invasive and can be performed quickly and conveniently at a veterinary clinic or through a mobile screening service. Once the sample is collected, it is analyzed using sophisticated diagnostic equipment to generate comprehensive reports.
Benefits of NS Horse Screen
N,S Horse Screen offers several advantages over traditional equine health screening methods. Firstly, it provides rapid results, allowing for prompt intervention and treatment if necessary. Additionally, N,S Horse Screen is highly accurate, minimizing the risk of false positives or negatives. Furthermore, it is a non-invasive procedure that causes minimal discomfort to the horse, ensuring a stress-free experience. Overall, NS Horse Screens enables proactive management of equine health, enhancing the well-being and longevity of horses.
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Common Equine Health Issues Detected by NS Horse Screen
NS Horse Screen is capable of detecting a wide range of health issues prevalent in horses. Some common conditions identified through NS Horse Screens include metabolic disorders like insulin resistance and equine metabolic syndrome, infectious diseases such as equine influenza and strangles, and organ dysfunction like liver or kidney abnormalities. Early detection of these conditions allows for timely treatment and management, preventing complications and improving prognosis.
How to Prepare for NS Horse Screen
Preparing a horse for N,S Horse Screen involves simple steps to ensure accurate and reliable results. Firstly, it’s essential to fast the horse for a specified period before the screening to obtain accurate blood sample results. Additionally, ensuring the horse is calm and relaxed during the screening process can minimize stress and anxiety, facilitating a smoother experience. Horse owners should also provide relevant medical history and information to the screening facility for comprehensive analysis.
The Screening Process Explained
The NS Horse Screens process typically begins with the collection of a blood sample from the horse. This sample is then analyzed using specialized equipment capable of detecting various biomarkers indicative of different health conditions. The results are compiled into a detailed report, providing insights into the horse’s overall health status. Veterinarians interpret these results and recommend appropriate action based on the findings, which may include dietary changes, medication, or further diagnostic tests.
Understanding NS Horse Screen Results
Interpreting NS Horse Screen results requires veterinary expertise to accurately assess the horse’s health status. The report may contain information on blood parameters, organ function, and specific markers indicative of certain health conditions. Veterinarians analyze these results in conjunction with the horse’s medical history and clinical signs to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan. Clear communication between the veterinarian and horse owner is essential for understanding the results and implementing necessary interventions.
Frequency of Screening
The frequency of NS Horse Screens sessions depends on various factors, including the horse’s age, health status, and lifestyle. Generally, annual screenings are recommended for adult horses to monitor their overall health and detect any emerging issues. However, horses with pre-existing health conditions or those at higher risk may require more frequent screenings. Veterinarians can provide personalized recommendations based on individual horse needs and circumstances.
Cost of NS Horse Screen
The cost of NS Horse Screen varies depending on factors such as the screening facility, location, and additional services included. While the initial investment may seem significant, the long-term benefits of early detection and prevention outweigh the cost. Moreover, compared to the expenses associated with treating advanced health conditions, NS Horse Screens is a cost-effective preventive measure that ultimately saves money and improves horse welfare.
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Comparing NS Horse Screen with Traditional Methods
Compared to traditional equine health screening methods such as physical examination and single-parameter blood tests, NS Horse screening offers several advantages. Traditional methods often rely on subjective observations and may miss underlying health issues. In contrast, NS Horse Screens provides comprehensive insights into multiple aspects of equine health, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, NS Horse Screens can detect health conditions in their early stages, allowing for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Testimonials from Horse Owners
Real-life testimonials from horse owners who have utilized N,S Horse Screen attest to its effectiveness and reliability. Many owners praise the convenience and peace of mind provided by N,S Horse Screen, knowing they are taking proactive steps to safeguard their horse’s health. Positive outcomes, such as early detection of health issues and successful treatment interventions, further highlight the value of N,S Horse Screen in equine healthcare management.
Conclusion
In conclusion, NS Horse Screen is a groundbreaking diagnostic tool that revolutionizes equine health management. By enabling early detection of various health issues, NS Horse Screens empowers horse owners to take proactive measures to safeguard their horse’s well-being. With its accuracy, efficiency, and non-invasive nature, NS Horse Screens sets a new standard in equine health screening, ensuring horses lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
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FAQs about NS Horse Screen
What makes N,S Horse Screen unique compared to other equine health screening methods?
N,S Horse Screen offers comprehensive analysis using advanced technology, ensuring early detection of various health issues with high accuracy.
Is NS Horse Screen suitable for horses of all ages and breeds?
Yes, N,S Horse Screen is suitable for horses of all ages and breeds, providing valuable insights into their health status.
Can NS Horse Screen detect rare or obscure equine health conditions?
Yes, N,S Horse Screen is capable of detecting a wide range of health conditions, including rare or obscure ones, through comprehensive analysis.
Are there any risks or side effects associated with N,S Horse Screen?
N,S Horse Screen is a non-invasive procedure with minimal risks or side effects. However, some horses may experience mild discomfort during blood sample collection.
How can I schedule an NS Horse Screen session for my horse?
You can schedule an N,S Horse Screen session through your veterinarian or a certified screening facility. They will guide you through the process and answer any questions you may have.
HEALTH
How Brands Are Leveraging THCV for Functional Wellness Skincare and Topicals

While cannabinoids like CBD and CBG have long dominated the skincare space, a new ingredient is entering the spotlight: tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). Once considered too rare to formulate with at scale, THCV is now being explored by beauty and wellness brands for its unique functional benefits, high purity, and potential skin-friendly properties.
For formulators and product developers looking to create differentiated topicals, serums, and therapeutic balms, THCV Isolate presents an exciting new option. In this article, we’ll explore how brands are incorporating THCV into skincare products, what the potential benefits are, and how B2B buyers can begin sourcing it for functional wellness applications.
What Is THCV and Why Use It in Topicals?
THCV is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in trace amounts in hemp. While it’s often associated with cognitive clarity and energy when taken internally, emerging research and early brand adoption are pointing to interesting possibilities in skincare and topicals.
Some reasons THCV is gaining traction in this space include:
- High cannabinoid purity (typically 98%+ as an isolate)
- Potential for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
- Neutral aroma and formulation compatibility
- Appeal to ingredient-conscious consumers seeking innovation
THCV Isolate allows formulators to introduce a targeted, functional cannabinoid into products without the complexity of full-spectrum hemp extracts.
How Brands Are Using THCV in Skincare Products
Early adopters are positioning THCV as a premium cannabinoid additive in topicals and wellness cosmetics. Its high purity and novel profile make it ideal for inclusion in:
Product Type | Use Case |
Facial serums | Promote skin clarity, tone, and calm |
Targeted balms | Address joint or muscle areas with functional actives |
Eye creams | Light, energizing support for under-eye areas |
Body lotions | Daily cannabinoid-infused skincare routines |
Massage oils | Integrate into wellness or spa treatments |
While the mechanism of action in skin is still under study, cannabinoids like THCV are believed to interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the skin — which plays a role in maintaining balance, hydration, and inflammation response.
Related insight: This article dives even deeper into the topic.
What Sets THCV Apart from CBD in Skincare?
CBD has dominated the cannabinoid skincare category for years. So why explore THCV?
Novelty and Differentiation
THCV offers brands a point of distinction. Instead of launching “yet another CBD cream,” formulators can position THCV products as cutting-edge, targeted, and forward-thinking — especially when paired with high-performance botanicals or skincare actives.
Functional Formulation Potential
THCV may offer anti-inflammatory, balancing, or energizing properties, based on early research. While these claims should be approached carefully from a regulatory standpoint, they allow formulators to craft function-driven marketing language such as:
- “Powered by rare cannabinoids”
- “Formulated for clarity and balance”
- “Infused with next-generation actives”
Clean, Neutral Profile
THCV Isolate contains no added terpenes or plant material, making it easy to integrate into lightweight serums, unscented formulations, or products that require a neutral base.
Formulation Tips for THCV-Infused Topicals
If you’re considering THCV for your next topical or skincare product, keep the following in mind:
Compatibility
THCV Isolate works best in oil-based or emulsified products. It can be blended with:
- Carrier oils (e.g., jojoba, MCT, or hemp seed oil)
- Emulsifiers and butters (e.g., shea butter, beeswax)
- Natural preservatives and essential oils
Always test for ingredient compatibility and long-term stability in your desired base.
Dosing
Cannabinoid content in skincare products is typically lower than in ingestible formats. Common usage ranges include:
- 1–5 mg THCV per application for serums and eye creams
- 5–10 mg per application for body lotions and balms
- 10–20 mg per dose for high-potency massage oils or wellness treatments
Final concentrations will depend on your desired effects, brand positioning, and regulatory strategy.
Packaging and Labeling
To position your product effectively:
- Emphasize premium, functional ingredients
- Avoid unproven medical claims
- Highlight cannabinoid content (e.g., “Formulated with 10mg THCV”)
- Support claims with third-party lab tests and COAs
This builds trust with educated consumers and helps distinguish your brand in a competitive category.
Sourcing THCV for Skincare and Topicals
If you’re planning to use THCV Isolate in cosmetic or topical products, choose a supplier who provides:
- High-purity THCV (98% or greater)
- Batch-level COAs
- Consistent inventory for scaling
- Documentation to support compliance and labeling
Final Thoughts: A New Frontier in Cannabinoid Skincare
As the cannabinoid industry matures, brands are looking for what’s next — and THCV is quickly becoming part of that answer. For skincare and wellness brands, it offers:
- A fresh angle in a crowded CBD market
- A high-purity ingredient with functional promise
- The ability to create products that feel both luxurious and purposeful
Whether used in calming serums, recovery balms, or energizing lotions, THCV is enabling formulators to push cannabinoid innovation into new formats and consumer experiences.
Curious hearts and bright minds—follow the path to more wisdom on Crispme.
HEALTH
How At-Home Light Therapy Is Revolutionising Skincare Routines

The skincare industry has undergone a quiet transformation over the past few years. While creams, serums, and cleansers still play an important role in daily routines, more people are turning to advanced, non-invasive devices to tackle concerns like fine lines, acne, pigmentation, and inflammation. Leading the charge is red and near-infrared light therapy – a treatment once reserved for dermatology clinics, now widely accessible at home.
But why are so many skincare enthusiasts embracing this futuristic-looking tech? And what makes it different from traditional topical treatments?
The Science Behind Light Therapy
Red light therapy, also known as low-level light therapy (LLLT), uses specific wavelengths of light to penetrate the skin and stimulate cellular energy production. This process activates the mitochondria (the powerhouses of our cells), leading to increased ATP (adenosine triphosphate) output. The result is accelerated repair, reduced inflammation, and improved overall skin function.
Red light (typically 630–660 nm) targets the surface layers of the skin, helping to improve tone, reduce redness, and soften fine lines. Near-infrared light (around 850 nm) penetrates deeper, reaching the dermis and promoting collagen production, circulation, and skin elasticity.
Unlike harsh peels or invasive procedures, light therapy is gentle, painless, and safe for regular use, even for those with sensitive skin.
Why Home Devices Are Gaining Popularity
As consumer interest in science-backed skincare grows, so does the demand for effective at-home devices. No longer content to rely solely on cosmetic products, many people are looking for tools that offer real, visible results, without expensive clinic visits.
Modern LED therapy masks and handheld devices make this possible. These tools allow users to experience professional-grade benefits from the comfort of their own home, often with just a few 10- to 20-minute sessions per week. For busy parents, remote workers, and anyone trying to simplify their routine, this convenience is game-changing.
What’s more, consistent use of light therapy has been linked to long-term improvements in skin texture, tone, and resilience, especially when paired with complementary skincare products.
Pairing Light Therapy with Active Ingredients
To maximise the effects of red light therapy, many experts recommend pairing treatments with antioxidant-rich serums. Green tea, vitamin C, and resveratrol are particularly effective, as they enhance light absorption and help neutralise free radicals triggered by environmental stress.
This combination doesn’t just add surface-level glow. It supports skin health at the cellular level, helping to maintain firmness, prevent premature ageing, and reduce the visible effects of sun damage over time.
Choosing the Right Device
Not all LED therapy devices are created equal. Factors like wavelength accuracy, energy output, surface coverage, and comfort all play a role in determining how effective a product will be.
One standout in the market is Maysama’s light therapy mask. Designed with flexible medical-grade silicone and calibrated dual wavelengths (633nm red and 830nm near-infrared), it delivers salon-quality treatment at home. The mask fits snugly against the face, ensuring optimal light penetration and full coverage of the cheeks, forehead, and jawline. Users report noticeable improvements in skin tone, hydration, and plumpness after just a few weeks of regular use.
What sets Maysama’s offering apart is its integration with antioxidant skincare formulated specifically to enhance light therapy results, helping users get the most out of each session.
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